![]() ![]() In general, agar gel pellets were prepared by dissolving the agar gel powder (2 % of the freshwater volume) and red food dye (0.1 %) in 10 ml freshwater, boiled the mixture in a microwave oven, poured the boiled mixture into a glass petri dish for hardening, and subsequently cut it into uniform size (approximately 3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) of pellet. The method of preparing agar gel pellets was similar to those described in Lim et al. The ingredients, composition and type of the agar gel pellets prepared and used in this study are shown in Table 1. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using betaine, taurine, nucleotide and nucleoside as feeding stimulants for juvenile O. Apart from this, no study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of other potential FS including betaine, taurine, nucleotide and nucleoside on O. marmoratus when determined through behavioural assays (Lim et al. In our previous study, amino acids mixture appeared to be more efficient than single amino acid as FS for the juvenile O. marmoratus to accept pelleted feeds, information on the suitable FS for this species is limited. Successful weaning generally requires long period of time, and cause high fish mortality due to starvation. 1994 Lin and Kaewpaitoon 2000), and this fish generally rejected pelleted feeds (Rojtinnakorn et al. Such feeding practise has been continued because there has been lack of commercial pelleted feeds for O. The feeding practise for this fish has been continuously relying on the low value fish (Bundit and Jauncey 2008) or live fish, which can easily deteriorate the quality of the rearing water and subsequently cause disease outbreak (Lam et al. However, there is a feeding problem in the culture of O. Marble goby ( Oxyeleotris marmoratus) is a high commercial value fish species in the aquaculture industry in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and China for mass production (Tan and Lam 1973 Tavarutmaneegul and Lin 1988 Cheah et al. In addition, betaine is also known to be a potential feed enhancer for fish, which itself contains no effect of taste stimulant, but it can enhance the flavour of other chemical substances in a mixture (Kasumyan and Døving 2003). Betaine, taurine, nucleotides and nucleosides are amongst the commonly known FS for fish (Kasumyan and Døving 2003 Chatzifotis et al. However, the taste preference in fish is species-specific (Kasumyan and Døving 2003) therefore, the effective FS should be identified prior to the dietary supplementation. 1997 Xue and Cui 2001 Papatryphon and Soares 2000). ![]() 2012) and improve the feed intake in fish (Dias et al. ![]() In aquaculture, dietary supplementation of FS has been commonly practised to pellet-wean (Person-Le Ruyet 1989 Kubitza and Lovshin 1999 Hirt-Chabbert et al. marmoratus.įeeding stimulant (FS) is defined as the substance which has high ingestion rate by fish (Kasumyan and Døving 2003). Taurine was not a feeding stimulant, and betaine was neither a feeding stimulant nor feed enhancer for the juvenile O. Na 2 were the highest (both 100 %) and were significantly higher ( P 0.1 M) may be required to improve its efficiency as the feeding stimulant.Of all the chemical substances tested at 0.1 M concentration, the ingestion rates of both INO and IMP Therefore, any added test substance which can significantly improve the fish ingestion of the agar gel pellet can be the potential feeding stimulant. The pure agar gel pellet was totally rejected by the fish (0 % ingestion rate). Each chemical substance was tested on 50 replicates of individual fish once, and the overall ingestion rate was calculated as the representative data. All fish were conditioned to accept agar gel pellet before the behavioural assays started. Na 2) as a feeding stimulant for juvenile marble goby ( Oxyeleotris marmoratus) (total length 6.6–8.5 cm) through behavioural assays using agar gel pellets.Na 2), and guanosine 5′-monophosphate disodium (GMP.This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of betaine, taurine, inosine (INO), inosine 5′-monophosphate disodium (IMP ![]()
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